(瞬间动词和延续性动词归纳)(瞬间性动词与延续性动词)

现在完成时的“点”和“线”

“点”上的动词表示发生在一个时间“点”上的动作，即短暂性的瞬间动作，而非一段时间的延续动作：

而“线”上的动词表示发生在一条时间“线”上的动作，即延续性的持久动作。试对比：

[正]He has joined the party.

[误]He has joined the party for three years.

正句中的谓语动词join是“点”上的动词，故正确。误句中的谓语动词后面跟了“线”上的时间状语 for three years，故矛盾。

“点”上动词及其表达方式如下。

(1) 常见的“点”上的动词有:join，buy, sell, lose，find, die, break, open, close，go，come, leave, leave for, arrive, put, begin, start, stop, fall, get up, etc.

2) 常见的表达方式有：

①It is/has been + 一段时间 + since + 主语 + 谓 语(过去式）+其他。

②主语+谓语(过去式）+—段时间+ago。

③主语 + have (has) + been + adj. /adv. / prepositional phrase等+—段时间。

例如：

“他参军已有三年了。”可以用以下三种方式表达：

It is three years since he joined the army.

He joined the army three years ago.

He has been a soldier (in the army)for three years.

“线”上动词及其表达方式如下。

(1) 常见的“线”上的动词有：

live, teach, know, work, study, stay，lie, stand，sit, run, swim, walk, fly, last, travel, write, read, build, hold, rest, sleep, cook, flow, rain, snow, blow, wait, repair, etc.

(2) 常见的表达方式有：

①主语+have +过去分词+ for some time。

②主语+have +过去分词+ since +具体时间。

③主语+Have +过去分词+ since +从句 (主语 +谓语“点”上动词的过去式）。

例如：

“我住在这儿已有三年了。”可以用以下三种方式表达：

I have lived here for three years.

I have lived here since three years ago.

I have lived here since I came here three years ago.